The Icelandic model can be understood as an example of functioning multi-institutional cooperation, and is therefore presented here as an example of good practice.
The Icelandic model represents a long-term, evidence-based approach to preventing risky behaviour among young people, especially the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. It is built on close cooperation between researchers, schools, parents, the community, and local government. Its foundation is the systematic collection of data through regular surveys (every two years) among students, which provide a detailed picture of their lives, free-time activities, and the presence of risk or protective factors.
These data are then analysed and the results are shared with parents, schools, the community, and local institutions, which use them to implement concrete measures. The measures focus primarily on supporting sports and cultural activities, strengthening parental competencies, creating a safe environment for young people, and limiting opportunities for risky behaviour.
Specific measures include: a curfew — staying outside after a certain hour is prohibited for young people (for children up to age 12 until 20:00; for young people aged 12–16 until 22:00, in summer until 24:00); a ban on advertising tobacco and alcohol products and their sale only in specialised shops; parental contracts defining conditions of upbringing; and strengthening cooperation between stakeholders.
After some time, the effectiveness of these steps is evaluated through new surveys, and the entire cycle is repeated.
The success of the Icelandic model lies in its long-term sustainability, systematic use of data, and strong collaboration among all involved actors. This approach has enabled Iceland to significantly reduce alcohol and drug use among young people, while also strengthening healthy lifestyles and community ties.
In 1998, 42% of 15–16-year-olds consumed alcohol at least once a month; by 2016, this had dropped to 5%. Regular smoking decreased from 23% to 3%, and hashish use from 17% to 7%.